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Foreign Direct Investment and the Diffusion of Knowledge

外商直接投資和知識(shí)的擴(kuò)散

One of the primary benefits of foreign investment for a host country is exposure to advanced foreign processes,management practices, and designs. In principle, this exposure should enhance the competitiveness of domestic firms, who will benefit from the technology transfers that arise in the form of higher productivity and expanded innovative capacity. China’s foreign investment policy is grounded in such a premise, as the original proponents of the outward-looking foreign investment policies that began in the late 1970s argue that opening up to foreign investment is the most efficient way to obtain foreign technology.

對(duì)東道國(guó)來(lái)說(shuō)，外商投資的主要好處之一是可以接觸到國(guó)外先進(jìn)的操作方法,、管理方法和設(shè)計(jì),。原則上來(lái)講，這應(yīng)該可以提高國(guó)內(nèi)公司的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,，它們將從以提高生產(chǎn)力和擴(kuò)大創(chuàng)新能力的形式出現(xiàn)的技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓中獲益,。中國(guó)的對(duì)外投資政策就是基于這樣一個(gè)前提，上世紀(jì)70年代末開(kāi)始實(shí)行的外向型投資政策的支持者認(rèn)為,，向外國(guó)投資開(kāi)放是獲得外國(guó)技術(shù)的最有效途徑,。

A sizable literature has uncovered evidence on the existence of such technology transfer effects. The foundational studies in this area – for example, those of Javorcik (2004) or Keller and Yeaple(2009) – show that FDI generates broad knowledge spillovers on host country firms as multinational investors transfer their technology and methods to their foreign affiliates. These effects are diffused both directly and indirectly to domestic firms, who, as levels of foreign investment increases, tend to exhibit higher levels of productivity or engage in more knowledge creation.