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首先,，我們探討了選擇中國國內(nèi)企業(yè)作為合作伙伴組建合資企業(yè)的特點(diǎn),。最有可能被選為合資企業(yè)伙伴的中國企業(yè)規(guī)模更大,，生產(chǎn)率更高(以全要素生產(chǎn)率衡量)，從事的創(chuàng)新和專利活動(dòng)更多,，出口導(dǎo)向性更強(qiáng),。這種處于創(chuàng)新前沿的具有生產(chǎn)力的、成熟的公司具有吸收和學(xué)習(xí)能力,，能夠從前文提出的代際技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓效應(yīng)中獲益,。

As evidence for the internal technology transfer effect, we show that joint venture firms operate very well along several dimensions of performance. Controlling for other firm characteristics, joint venture firms are on average more productive (by about 30 percent asmeasured by total factor productivity), secure higher sales, and engage in more patenting relative to other, non-joint venture Chinese firms. This is evidence consistent with the beneficial transfer of technology from the foreign investor firm.

作為內(nèi)部技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓效應(yīng)的證據(jù)，我們的分析表明合資公司在如下幾個(gè)方面的表現(xiàn)都很好,。在控制其他企業(yè)特征的情況下,，與中國其他非合資企業(yè)相比，合資企業(yè)的平均生產(chǎn)率更高(以全要素生產(chǎn)率衡量約為30%),，銷售收入更高,，專利申請(qǐng)也更多。這也證明引入外國投資者有助于技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移,。

We then investigate whether the domestic Chinese partners in joint venture relationships are also better performers as aresult of their indirect exposure to foreign knowledge. Importantly, we control for the fact that these partner firms are typically better performers even before the formation of the joint venture. We account for this endogeneity using two approaches. First, we construct our sample in such a way that domestic partner firms are matched with domestic non-partner firms that have similar attributes to ensure that the treatment and control groups are similar. Second, we control for firm-level fixed effects to capture the underlying characteristics that make domestic firms more attractive to foreign investors looking to form a joint venture.