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中外合資企業(yè)是一種獨特的外國投資模式,，它有多種技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓渠道(如圖1所示)使得本土企業(yè)可能從中受益。除了任何履行合同和管理義務(wù)外,，外國投資者有直接的動機將專有技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓給其合資企業(yè),，以便新的業(yè)務(wù)取得成功，這有助于合資公司在與其他公司競爭中表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異,。第一個渠道是我們所說的外國母公司和合資公司分支機構(gòu)之間的內(nèi)部技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓（Internal）,。

Figure 1： Joint Venture Formation andTechnology Transfer

圖1：合資企業(yè)的形成與技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓

The second effect that we consider is one in which the Chinese IJV partner benefits indirectly from the transfer of technology to the joint venture. Foreign investors have little incentive to transfer technology directly to their joint venture partner, but knowledge could still be diffused to the partner through indirect observation or outright appropriation. We denote this effect as the intergenerational technology transfer effect, as IJVs generate spillovers on their domestic partner firms.

我們考慮的第二個渠道是，中外合資伙伴從（國外母公司）向其轉(zhuǎn)讓技術(shù)的過程中間接受益,。（在這種情形下）外國投資者幾乎沒有動力將技術(shù)直接轉(zhuǎn)讓給他們的合資公司,，但知識仍然可以通過間接觀察或直接挪用的方式向合作伙伴擴散。我們將這種效應(yīng)稱為代際技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓效應(yīng),，因為中外合資公司會對其本土母公司產(chǎn)生溢出效應(yīng)（編者注：比如，上汽大眾對榮威的擴散）,。

Finally, domestic firms outside of the joint venture might themselves be impacted by the proliferation of foreign investment and could benefit indirectly from the spread of foreign technology. The knowledge spillovers that arise from FDI represent the external effects of IJV formation.